I came across the incredible infographic the other day that draws a contrast between people who are generally liberal and conservative, and the differing values that are important to each group, for example liberals as 'champions of downtrodden' and conservatives as 'champions of opportunity.' Although the graphic, which is of course not 100% accurate, as it is generalizing and categorizing people into two differing groups, does provide some interesting insight into the values that liberal versus conservative people and families tend to hold true, and does so in a way that seems very rational and non-biased.
One of the more interesting pieces to it, which is backed up with substantial sociological research, (for example Don't Think of an Elephant by George Lakoff) is the differing family structures in liberal versus conservative households. More liberal families, which tend to be less religious are more democratic in their decision making - allowing children to play roles in decision-making on important household issues. Conservative families, which tend to be more religious, more often make decisions in a patriarchal fashion, where the father-figure is the ultimate authority and decision-making is not really open to discussion or dissent. That research provides enormous insight into how decisions are made by various political officials at even the highest levels of government.
All this to say that is important to understand those that you may disagree with. By understanding where people are coming from who you disagree with, you can make a much more profound effort at understanding and empathizing with peoples' ideas. By understanding eachother more, we can help frame discussions, especially in a public policy sphere for example, and act rather than in an obstructionist way out of ignorance or fear in such a way that encourages people to work together through understanding.
For the full-size version: http://infobeautiful.s3.amazonaws.com/leftright_US_1416.gif
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While we're reveling in the spirit of common purpose and understanding, here's an interesting article about a book by an atheist who went undercover in an Evangelical church for I think about a year. She talks about how the experience changed her perceptions and made her a more well-rounded individual: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/benyamin-cohen/6-questions-for-an-atheis_b_489144.html
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